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　　Asterisk或者FreePBX出現(xiàn)故障如何排查是工程師最基本的技能之一。如何排查復(fù)雜的底層問(wèn)題是技術(shù)人員經(jīng)常遇到的問(wèn)題，如果技術(shù)人員能夠提供非常完整的debug消息，這樣就會(huì)大大提高排查問(wèn)題的速度，提高工作效率可以快速和其他支持人員溝通。

　　在Asterisk和FreePBX環(huán)境下，官方提供了多種排查的方式，通過(guò)價(jià)值排查方式可以輕松解決這些問(wèn)題，用戶可以排查應(yīng)用級(jí)FreePBX和界面的問(wèn)題，也可以排查Asterisk平臺(tái)級(jí)的問(wèn)題（系統(tǒng)崩潰，死鎖等）。主要的排查方式包括：

FreePBX CLI Debug
FreePBX Debug
Browser Debug （Console Log）
CHROME
SAFARI
IE9:
FIREFOX
OPERA
Asterisk Logs

　　Backtraces （Segfaults/Core Dumps/Asterisk Crashing）

　　1）通過(guò)執(zhí)行命令來(lái)激活Debug方式，保存相關(guān)的日志到相應(yīng)的默認(rèn)路徑。 在linux CLI環(huán)境下，執(zhí)行amportal a dbug，顯示以下輸出結(jié)果，開(kāi)發(fā)人員可以根據(jù)相應(yīng)的路徑文件檢查問(wèn)題。

　　[root@dahdidev1 ~]# amportal a dbug

　　Fetching FreePBX settings with gen_amp_conf.php

　　trying to run as user asterisk:

　　[FPBXDBUGDISABLE] already set to [0]

　　==> /var/log/asterisk/freepbx_dbug <==

　　==> /var/log/httpd/error_log <==

　　mv: cannot stat `/var/lib/asterisk/agi-bin/license-*.zl': No such file or directory

　　[Wed Dec 03 00:05:09 2014] [error] [client 125.64.35.67] File does not exist: /var/www/html/zc

　　[Wed Dec 03 01:14:26 2014] [error] [client 125.64.35.67] File does not exist: /var/www/html/ucp/zc

　　[Wed Dec 03 01:14:26 2014] [error] [client 125.64.35.67] File does not exist: /var/www/html/restapi

　　[Wed Dec 03 01:14:26 2014] [error] [client 125.64.35.67] File does not exist: /tftpboot/zc

　　[Wed Dec 03 01:14:26 2014] [error] [client 125.64.35.67] File does not exist: /var/www/html/aastra

　　[Wed Dec 03 01:14:26 2014] [error] [client 125.64.35.67] File does not exist: /var/www/html/restapps

　　[Wed Dec 03 01:59:48 2014] [error] [client 94.102.49.82] script '/var/www/html/recordings/index.php' not found or unable to stat

　　[Wed Dec 03 01:59:50 2014] [error] [client 94.102.49.82] File does not exist: /var/www/html/admin/modules/admindashboard

　　[Wed Dec 03 01:59:51 2014] [error] [client 94.102.49.82] client denied by server configuration: /var/www/html/admin/page.framework.php

　　==> /var/log/asterisk/freepbx.log <==

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:44:02] [PHP-WARNING] （/var/www/html/admin/modules/endpoint/functions.inc/functions_epm_ucp.php:0） - No license for this product （PBXact） - make sure zend_loader.license_path is properly configured in your ini file!

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:44:02] [PHP-WARNING] （/var/www/html/admin/modules/endpoint/functions.inc/functions_epm_ucp.php:0） - License check failed!

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:57:01] [WARNING] （libraries/modulefunctions.legacy.php:7） - Depreciated Function _module_distro_id detected in /var/www/html/admin/modules/sysadmin/functions.inc/general.php on line 107

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:57:01] [PHP-NOTICE] （/var/www/html/admin/modules/sysadmin/functions.inc/license.php:53） - Undefined index: register

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:57:02] [WARNING] （libraries/modulefunctions.legacy.php:7） - Depreciated Function _module_distro_id detected in /var/www/html/admin/modules/sysadmin/functions.inc/general.php on line 107

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:57:02] [PHP-NOTICE] （/var/www/html/admin/modules/sysadmin/functions.inc/license.php:53） - Undefined index: register

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:58:20] [INFO] （bin/freepbx_setting:39） - trying to run as user asterisk:

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:58:20] [INFO] （bin/freepbx_setting:40） -

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:58:21] [INFO] （bin/freepbx_setting:61） - [FPBXDBUGDISABLE] already set to [0]

　　[2014-Dec-03 09:58:21] [INFO] （bin/freepbx_setting:62） -

　　2）Browser Debug （Console Log），這個(gè)方法是通過(guò)瀏覽器的開(kāi)放模式來(lái)檢查問(wèn)題。開(kāi)發(fā)人員需要根據(jù)自己所使用的瀏覽器，通過(guò)不同的命令方式來(lái)排查。

　　CHROME:

Press either CTRL + SHIFT + J to open the “console” tab of the Developer Tools.
Alternative method:
Press either CTRL + SHIFT + I or F12 to open the Developer Tools.
Press ESC （or click on “Show console” in the bottom right corner） to slide the console up.
Note: In Chrome’s dev tools, there is a “console” tab. However, a smaller “slide-up” console can be opened while any of the other tabs is active.

　　SAFARI:

Press CTRL + ALT + I to open the Web Inspector.
See Chrome’s step 2. （Chrome and Safari have pretty much identical dev tools.）
Note: Step 1 only works if the “Show Develop menu in menu bar” check box in the Advanced tab of the Preferences menu is checked!

　　IE9:

Press F12 to open the developer tools.
Click the “console” tab.

　　FIREFOX:

　　Press CTRL + SHIFT + K to open the Web console （COMMAND + SHIFT + K on Macs）。

　　or, if Firebug is installed:

　　Press F12 to open Firebug.

　　Click on the “console” tab.

　　OPERA:

　　Press CTRL + SHIFT + I to open Dragonfly.

　　Click on the “console” tab.

　　3） Asterisk Logs 日志文件

　　root@freepbxdev1 ivr]# tail -f /var/log/asterisk/full // 默認(rèn)asterisk日志存儲(chǔ)路徑

　　[2014-12-03 13:20:53] WARNING[6227] res_pjsip_mwi.c: AOR 1000 has no configured mailboxes. MWI subscription failed

　　[2014-12-03 13:22:41] WARNING[6227] res_pjsip_mwi.c: AOR 1000 has no configured mailboxes. MWI subscription failed

　　[2014-12-03 13:23:22] WARNING[6227] res_pjsip_mwi.c: AOR 1000 has no configured mailboxes. MWI subscription failed

　　[2014-12-03 13:25:51] WARNING[6227] res_pjsip_mwi.c: AOR 1000 has no configured mailboxes. MWI subscription failed

　　[2014-12-03 13:27:41] WARNING[6227] res_pjsip_mwi.c: AOR 1000 has no configured mailboxes. MWI subscription failed

　　[2014-12-03 13:27:59] WARNING[6287] res_calendar_caldav.c: Unknown response to CalDAV calendar myGoogleCal, request REPORT to /calendar/dav/en.usa%23holiday%40group.v.calendar.google.com/events: SSL handshake failed: SSL error: GnuTLS internal error.

　　[2014-12-03 13:28:20] WARNING[6227] res_pjsip_mwi.c: AOR 1000 has no configured mailboxes. MWI subscription failed

　　[2014-12-03 13:30:49] WARNING[6227] res_pjsip_mwi.c: AOR 1000 has no configured mailboxes. MWI subscription failed

　　[2014-12-03 13:32:41] WARNING[6227] res_pjsip_mwi.c: AOR 1000 has no configured mailboxes. MWI subscription failed

　　[2014-12-03 13:33:18] WARNING[6227] res_pjsip_mwi.c: AOR 1000 has no configured mailboxes. MWI subscription failed

　　如果需要查找特定的條件的話，也可以通過(guò)以下命令grep排查報(bào)錯(cuò)日志信息：

　　[root@34693894 ~]# grep 1518526777.67 /var/log/asterisk/full*

var/log/asterisk/full-20180214:[2018-02-13 08:59:37] VERBOSE[24184][C-00000001] pbx.c: Executing [s@macro-user-callerid:1] Set（"SIP/5002-00000001", "TOUCH_MONITOR=1518526777.67"） in new stack
var/log/asterisk/full-20180214:[2018-02-13 08:59:37] VERBOSE[24184][C-00000001] pbx.c: Executing [700@from-internal:37] QueueLog（"SIP/5002-00000001", "700,1518526777.67,NONE,DID,"） in new stack

　　4 可以使用命令查找方式：

　　ls -l /tmp | grep core. // 找到相關(guān)的core dump 信息。

　　5 可以使用Sangoma 的開(kāi)發(fā)排查根據(jù)來(lái)排查，用戶需要安裝這些開(kāi)發(fā)工具，安裝的是ISO版本：

　　# 僅支持 FreePBX Distro 7!

　　yum install -y sangoma-devel

　　debuginfo-install --enablerepo=centos7-debuginfo asterisk14 // 這里的支持的是asterisk 14，用戶可以使用不同的版本，例如15來(lái)排查Asterisk15.

　　6 如果用戶運(yùn)行 13.14.0 或者 14.3.0以上版本，也可以使用系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)支持的工具：

　　/var/lib/asterisk/scripts/ast_coredumper /tmp/[name of the core file]

　　7 使用最簡(jiǎn)單命令獲得崩潰信息：

　　gdb -se "asterisk" -ex "bt full" -ex "thread apply all bt" --batch -c [name of the core file] > /tmp/backtrace.txt

　　8 Asterisk新排查利器：scripts/ast_coredumper 命令

　　此命令是13.14.0 和 14.3.0以上版本添加到Asterisk崩潰系統(tǒng)命令，功能非常強(qiáng)大，可以輕松排查各種asteisk問(wèn)題，死鎖，收集系統(tǒng)日志信息。配置文件在默認(rèn)Asterisk路徑：etc/asterisk/ast_debug_tools.conf。具體命令使用方式如下：

　　var/lib/asterisk/scripts/ast_coredumper --help

　　AME

　　ast_coredumper - Dump and/or format asterisk coredump files

　　SYNOPSIS

　　ast_coredumper [ --help ] [ --running | --RUNNING ] [ --latest ]

　　[ --tarball-coredumps ] [ --delete-coredumps-after ]

　　[ --tarball-results ] [ --delete-results-after ]

　　[ --tarball-uniqueid="<uniqueid>" ]

　　[ --no-default-search ] [ --append-coredumps ]

　　[ <coredump> | <pattern> … ]

　　DESCRIPTION

　　Extracts backtraces and lock tables from Asterisk coredump files.

　　For each coredump found, 4 new result files are created:

<coredump>.brief.txt: The output of "thread apply all bt".
<coredump>.thread1.txt: The output of "thread apply 1 bt full".
<coredump>.full.txt: The output of "thread apply all bt full".
<coredump>.locks.txt: If asterisk was compiled with

　　"DEBUG_THREADS", this file will contain a dump of the locks

　　table similar to doing a "core show locks" from the asterisk

　　CLI.

　　Optional features:

The running asterisk process can be suspended and dumped.
The coredumps can be merged into a tarball.
The coredumps can be deleted after processing.
The results files can be merged into a tarball.
The results files can be deleted after processing.

　　Options:

　　--help

　　Print this help.

　　--running

　　Create a coredump from the running asterisk instance and

　　process it along with any other coredumps found （if any）。

　　WARNING: This WILL interrupt call processing. You will be

　　asked to confirm.

　　--RUNNING

　　Same as --running but without the confirmation prompt.

　　DANGEROUS!!

　　--latest

　　Process only the latest coredump from those specified （based

　　on last-modified time）。 If a dump of the running process was

　　requested, it is always included in addition to the latest

　　from the existing coredumps.

　　--tarball-coredumps

　　Creates a gzipped tarball of all coredumps processed.

　　The tarball name will be:

　　/tmp/asterisk.<timestamp>.coredumps.tar.gz

　　--delete-coredumps-after

　　Deletes all processed coredumps regardless of whether

　　a tarball was created.

　　--tarball-results

　　Creates a gzipped tarball of all result files produced.

　　The tarball name will be:

　　/tmp/asterisk.<timestamp>.results.tar.gz

　　--delete-results-after

　　Deletes all processed results regardless of whether

　　a tarball was created. It probably doesn't make sense

　　to use this option unless you have also specified

　　--tarball-results.

　　--tarball-uniqueid="<uniqueid>"

　　Normally DATEFORMAT is used to make the tarballs unique

　　but you can use your own unique id in the tarball names

　　such as the Jira issue id.

　　--no-default-search

　　Ignore COREDUMPS from the config files and process only

　　coredumps listed on the command line （if any） and/or

　　the running asterisk instance （if requested）。

　　--append-coredumps

　　Append any coredumps specified on the command line to the

　　config file specified ones instead of overriding them.

　　A list of coredumps or coredump search patterns. Unless

　　--append-coredumps was specified, these entries will override

　　those specified in the config files.

　　Any resulting file that isn't actually a coredump is silently

　　ignored. If your patterns contains spaces be sure to only

　　quote the portion of the pattern that DOESN'T contain wildcard

　　expressions. If you quote the whole pattern, it won't be

　　expanded.

　　If --no-default-search is specified and no files are specified

　　on the command line, then the only the running asterisk process

　　will be dumped （if requested）。 Otherwise if no files are

　　specified on the command line the value of COREDUMPS from

　　ast_debug_tools.conf will be used. Failing that, the following

　　patterns will be used:

　　/tmp/core[-._]asterisk!（*.txt）

　　/tmp/core[-._]$（hostname）！（*.txt）

　　NOTES

　　You must be root to use ast_coredumper.

　　The script relies on not only bash, but also recent GNU date and

　　gdb with python support. *BSD operating systems may require

　　installation of the 'coreutils' and 'devel/gdb' packagess and minor

　　tweaking of the ast_debug_tools.conf file.

　　Any files output will have ':' characters changed to '-'. This is

　　to facilitate uploading those files to Jira which doesn't like the

　　colons.

　　FILES

　　/etc/asterisk/ast_debug_tools.conf

　　~/ast_debug_tools.conf

　　./ast_debug_tools.conf

　　# This file is used by the Asterisk debug tools.

　　# Unlike other Asterisk config files, this one is

　　# "sourced" by bash and must adhere to bash semantics.

　　# A list of coredumps and/or coredump search patterns.

　　# Bash extended globs are enabled and any resulting files

　　# that aren't actually coredumps are silently ignored

　　# so you can be liberal with the globs.

　　# If your patterns contains spaces be sure to only quote

　　# the portion of the pattern that DOESN'T contain wildcard

　　# expressions. If you quote the whole pattern, it won't

　　# be expanded and the glob characters will be treated as

　　# literals.

　　# The exclusion of files ending ".txt" is just for

　　# demonstration purposes as non-coredumps will be ignored

　　# anyway.

　　COREDUMPS=（/tmp/core[-._]asterisk!（*.txt） /tmp/core[-._]$（hostname）�。�*.txt））

　　# Date command for the "running" coredump and tarballs.

　　# DATEFORMAT will be executed to get the timestamp.

　　# Don't put quotes around the format string or they'll be

　　# treated as literal characters. Also be aware of colons

　　# in the output as you can't upload files with colons in

　　# the name to Jira.

　　# Unix timestamp

　　#DATEFORMAT='date +%s.%N'

　　# *BSD/MacOS doesn't support %N but after installing GNU

　　# coreutils…

　　#DATEFORMAT='gdate +%s.%N'

　　# Readable GMT

　　#DATEFORMAT='date -u +%FT%H-%M-%S%z'

　　# Readable Local time

　　DATEFORMAT='date +%FT%H-%M-%S%z'

　　以上命令需要asterisk的相關(guān)源代碼編譯參數(shù)，例如 DEBUG_THREADS等相關(guān)參數(shù)。

　　通過(guò)以上幾種排查方式，技術(shù)人員可以輕松排查各種IPPBX界面以及應(yīng)用方面的問(wèn)題，也可以輕松排查Asterisk底層系統(tǒng)的崩潰，死鎖問(wèn)題。特別是Asterisk系統(tǒng)底層的工具給開(kāi)發(fā)人員帶來(lái)了極大的便利。

　　參考資料：

　　https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Getting+a+Backtrace

　　http://freepbx.org.cn/wiki/index.php?title=FreePBX